The Jewish Faith And Culture - 1922 Words

In the United States of America, there are many different ethnicities and religions, brought together to form a blended society. One of these groups, Jewish Americans, are unique, as they are both a religious group, but also a cultural group. Jewish people in America make up a mass majority, being one of the leading faiths in the country. Knowing and understanding how their religion effects their everyday life can help one to understand their customs and be respectful. One can learn about these things be examining and exploring the most relevant aspects of the Jewish faith and culture, and this can lead to one being able to positively use this knowledge in their careers, especially if one is a teacher. Historical Background Economic†¦show more content†¦Part of what creates that success is the idea of giving back† (Klein, 2016). Klein’s comment further supports why Jewish people tend to be very successful. Currently, according to JPOST.com Staff (2008), â€Å"Jews are the highest-earning religious group in the United States, with 46 percent of the working population earning a six-digit figure every year, according to a study released this week† (JPOST.com Staff, 2008). This shows that they, as a group, have a great economic standpoint in America. Political History: In the United States of America, politics play a huge role in many different cultural groups. However, for Jewish Americans, their involvement has been more so than other groups. According to Schafer, (2015), Jewish people play a large role in American politics (p. 317). For example, there are many Jewish elected officials throughout America. The political history of Jewish people in America is unique because Jewish American are known as belonging to the Democratic political party in America. Schafer, (2015), said â€Å"Jews as a group are not typical in that they are more likely than the general population to label themselves Democrat† (pg. 313). He goes on to state that this has been a trend for the last 10 presidential elections (Schafer, 2015). Jewish people were known for being very socially active in political issues in their home countries and they continued with this when theyShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On The Culture1083 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of the various cultures we may experience in practice. By having an understanding we can better understand and treat our clients that we see. In addition, it not only enhances our therapeutic relationships with our clients, but also enhances our knowledge on the various cultures that exist. For this paper I will interview a person that is from a different culture that I do not have knowledge on. 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He grew up as a devote Jew who enjoyed studying and devoting himself to his religion. Throughout the book we see him struggle with his concept of faith and beliefs. For example the quoteRead MoreHow Jews Were Treated During Europe During The Second World War1187 Words   |  5 PagesNazi businessman and former spy, started a factory originally to make money but soon turned into a plot to save Jews from being murdered by the Nazi Party. Schindler saved and accommodated for around 1100 Jewish people, spending all his money to both keep Nazi officers quiet and look after the Jewish people. 2.Make a couple of short statements about each of the following terms and explain its relevance to how Jews were treated in Europe during the Second world War: †¢ Nazi- Nazi stands for the NationalRead MoreChristianity, Judaism, And Islam1683 Words   |  7 Pagesyet to come. They impacted the world in many ways, but there were certain things like all the different holidays and the different cultures that were practiced to make the world have a more diverse culture. There are many different holidays celebrated in each of these religions. Each religion celebrates different holidays and in many different ways. The way each faith celebrates represents their diversity from one another. Each religion stands out by the major holidays it celebrates and what eachRead MoreThe Jewish Temple I Happened To Visit Was Of The Conservative1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jewish Temple I happened to visit was of the Conservative denomination of the Jewish tradition. Conservative in this case does not reference political ties, rather a desire to conserve Jewish culture and tradition in the modern world. The Conservative movement in Germany in the 19th century, with its spiritual leader being Rabbi Zacharias Frankel, and began as a counterpoint to the rise of Reform Judaism in the United States during the 1880’s. Serving as a theological â€Å"middle ground† betweenRead MoreCultural Diversity Of The United States896 Words   |  4 PagesCulture ca n be defined as â€Å"language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and symbols† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). The United States is currently experiencing a dramatic change regarding cultural diversity. According to a recent census, 36.3 percent of the United States population belongs to an ethnic or racial minority (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Increased immigration from around the world is continually adding to the numbers of

Jack London Naturalism Analysis - 952 Words

Naturalism is a form of writing that imitates life in the most real and natural way. Its influence of on writers is significant, as writers attempt to portray the natural world through literature. Some authors found it easy to write in a naturalist sense, because naturalism often focuses on the plights of the lower class. Many writers rose from the bottom and were inspired by their previous experiences. Jack London is an example of someone who rose from the bottom. His early life struggles are displayed in â€Å"What Life Means to Me†. It is easier to understand why he writes naturalistic pieces such as â€Å"To Build a Fire† when looking at his younger life. London’s life story as seen in â€Å"What Life Means to Me† more or less mirrors the struggles†¦show more content†¦Likewise, Jack London does not spare his audience of the harsh details in the story of his life, or his fictional story. In â€Å"What Life Means to Me† London tells the story of how his boss recognized London’s ambition and harnessed it. To summarize, London says: â€Å"This employer nearly worked me death† (564). This period of London’s life heavily influences his future story â€Å"To Build a Fire†, as character truly does work himself to death by taking on a dangerous task without thinking twice about it. London spares no crude details as the narrator of his story tells how the excruciating details of a nameless main character freeze to death. While the style stays true to naturalism, and the character does not speak, the narrator makes sure that the readers are aware of the panic going on inside of the man’s head by saying: â€Å"A certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him. This fear quickly became poignant as he realized that it was no longer a mere matter of freezing his fingers and toes, or of losing his hand and feet, but that it was a matter of life and death with the chances against himâ⠂¬  (637). Another instance of the narrator leading the reader into the main character’s mind is when he says: â€Å"He ran blindly, without intention, in fear such as he had never known before† (637). This has to be close to exactly what London was feeling in his early life as he worked himself to death for his greedy employer. Both JackShow MoreRelatedEssay on Comparing the Two Versions of To Build a Fire1096 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarity of treatment whatever (544). Jack London, writing in December 1908, was responding to an inquiry from the Richard W. Gilder, editor of Century Magazine. Gilder, having just published To Build a Fire in his magazine, was worried when he came across another version published 6 years earlier. Londons explanation was that the first story was for boys and the new one was for men; the only similarity being the motif itself. Through careful analysis of the two stories, in light of this letterRead MoreCritical Analysis To Build A Fire944 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis â€Å"To Build a Fire† Jack London used naturalism in â€Å"To Build a Fire† to help the reader understand the events of everyday life. Naturalism showed just how humans had to be watchful at every corner because at a moment’s notice death could be there, waiting for them to make an error that can cost them their lives. The story is about a man who was on a devastating journey across the Yukon Territory near Alaska. London used the idea of naturalism to help portray how harsh and violentRead MoreLiterary Analysis - the Law of Life Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pageshead: LITERARY ANALYSIS Literary Analysis Sergio Scott Grand Canyon University ENG-353 American Literature II Susan Crannell September 28, 2011 Sergio Scott Susan Crannell ENG 353 September 29, 2011 Literary Analysis Naturalism was a literary movement that took place from the 1880s until the 1940s. It used realism as a mechanism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had a monumental impact in changing or defining human character. Naturalism exposes the darkRead MoreNaturalism In Jack Londons To Build A Fire1113 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of â€Å"To Build a Fire† Jomar Peralta English 101 Glendale Career College  To Build a Fire The story â€Å"To Build a Fire† narrates about a man who decides to travel through freezing temperatures of Yukon and becomes a victim of the unforgiving power of nature. The temperatures reading 170 below the freezing point, the man decides to light a fire. Having several attempts to light the fire, he decides to run around like a â€Å"chicken with its head cut off† and finally comes to rest to meetRead MoreEssay on No Accidents in Jack Londons To Build a Fire2550 Words   |  11 Pages As the title implies, Jack Londons 1908 short story contains within its narrative a literal set of sequential directions on how To Build a Fire. London extends this sequential conceit to his fatidic vision of the universe. Unlike the dog in the story, who can rely on its pure-bred arctic instinct as it navigates through the dangerous tundra, the anonymous man possesses a duller, myopic instinct which is unable foresee the consequentiality of the environment. This instinctual flaw inRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pages but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while doing so I will propose that because Morrison s novels are distinctly black and examin e distinctly black issues, we must expand or deconstruct the traditional theory of naturalism to deal adequately withRead MoreManagement Control and Their Limitations8558 Words   |  35 Pagesinvolved in its enactment (i.e. meeting the causal criterion). Methodological approach: A qualified critical realist approach will be adopted drawing, in particularly, upon Bhaskar’s transcendental realist philosophy of science and his critical naturalism in relation to the social sciences without necessarily adopting his theory of explanatory critiques (Archer et al.:1998; Bhaskar: 1989). Whilst fully endorsing the ‘value-impregnated’ or value-laden nature of many social phenomena, and that socialRead MoreLiterary Analysis of A White Heron2159 Words   |  9 PagesLiterature Analysis Part 1 Throughout the history Fiction has been used by many writers to emphasize on environment and the importance it has in our lives. A White Heron, is a great example of how an article can effectively grip the attention of the reader and delivering a vital message at the same time. On the other hand fact based articles are based on truth, research and years of hard work but unfortunately most of the time they fail to capture the common reader proving interesting to only

Mise-En-Scene free essay sample

Forrest Gump For over a century now, individuals have been flocking to witness the magic of motion pictures. It is a world made possible by a director and a dream. Unbeknownst to many, the making of a motion picture is a tedious event, involving scripts, takes, re-takes, and an abundance of post-production editing. Many people sit and enjoy a movie without realizing the complexities and the amount of individuals involved in creating the film. These individuals create the landscapes and backboards for us, the ultimate image also known as the mise-en-scene. My favorite film of all time is Forrest Gump.Forrest Gump will go down in history as one of the greatest films ever made. This film was nominated for thirteen Academy Awards, and took home six of them. This is in part because of the phenomenal cast and crew members involved in the production of this film; individuals such as the director, cinematographer, and art director, to the actors, sound people, and most importantly the editor, who pulled everything together and created the final cut. All of these plus additional elements such as sound, style, societal impact, genre, and film criticism make the film such a masterpiece.In this paper I will go into detail about these elements and as to why they add character and zest to the overall success of the film. Forrest Gump is a film that draws out every emotion that is available to the viewer; at times it draws empathy, as well as sympathy and sadness because of the real-life elements that are a part of the plot. The film is also loaded with irony and many opportunities to laugh at the naivety of the main character, Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump is a story about an â€Å"Unusual man doing unusual things† (Groom, 1996, pg. v). As a result of how fantastic the film was, and how great the crew and cast were, Forrest Gump was nominated for thirteen Oscars at the Academy; which is a highly prestigious honor. Almost all elements of this film were up to be recognized. The list of elements that won an Oscar: best actor, best director, best effects (visual effects), best film editing, best picture, and best writing. However, the list goes on even further when mentioning the additional ones that were nominated but did not win. This would include: best supporting actor, best art direction-set decoration, best cinematography, best effects (sound effects), best make-up, best music, and best sound (Dirks, 2010). Every one of these elements is crucial to the popularity and overall success of this film. What I plan to take notice of first is the director, Robert Zemeckis. Robert has led a successful career of directing many blockbuster hit movies. Movies such as the Back to the Future trilogy, Cast Away, Contact, and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, just to name a few. It is no wonder why Robert is such a successful and well-known name in Hollywood.Robert is a director that continually makes great films that have recurring actors, Tom Hanks being one of these actors. The style of storyline that Robert chose to use in this film is mostly in chronological order; however, the story is narrated by Forrest in the future, so the story also has moments of incongruous editing. The text states that incongruous editing is when a film jumps around in time (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). You see ’future’ Forrest is telling the story of his life to numerous people who are sitting next to him at the bus stop.The story that he tells is in chronological order, basically catching up to where he is at that moment, at the bus stop. I highly enjoyed this approach that the director used; the story would continually flip back to ‘future’ Forrest as the movie went on. I believe that the movie would have been dull, had it not been from the perspective of Forrest in the future. Excitement is added by the way that he remembers the events in his life, and how even today he is still excited about them. This movie was adapted from the book of the same name, written by Warren Groom and the screenplay was written by Eric Roth.Although much of the story was changed, between the book and the film, it still remains based on the book. This is a story of a man who is highly naive, some would say slightly mentally challenged, who travels the world and is involved with many political events that occurred from the 1960’s to 1990’s. He faces hardships and overcomes adversity. In the final scenes devastating news is given to Forrest; the conclusion in this movie really pulls the whole movie together and makes it very satisfying. The exposition of this movie is right out the box with this film.It starts with a feather floating high in the shy aimlessly, drifting down towards the ground. At first the audience thinks nothing of it, however, as we later on see, this feather floating and landing on the ground in front of a dingy, worn pair of running shoes, is a symbol of the story. It is a symbol of the life of Forrest Gump, a man who drifts everywhere and becomes a part of many cultural events. We then come to realize that Forrest is a little slow and does not perceive the world as the majority of people do; with this we find a lot of verbal irony on Forrest’s behalf.The set-up is that Forrest is pushed away by his peers except a little girl named Jenny. Forrest is the protagonist in this film and his friend Jenny is the antagonist. Goodykoontz and Jacobs describe a protagonist as the main character in a movie; they also describe the antagonist as the character in conflict with the main character (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). Forrest is highly conservative, and Jenny is an outright liberal. As the story goes on, Jenny becomes more and more rebellious towards society’s standards.The confrontation is that Forrest is forever seeking to save Jenny, and to get her to conform to the way of life that he lives. However, Jenny is highly rebellious and wants to live the unhealthy lifestyle that she lives. Jenny was abused as a child and she lives very domineering to the men in her life, and since Forrest is good, she pushes him away, because all she knows is destruction. The conclusion brings everything to a head. This is where Forrest goes to Jenny’s house where she lays on him that she has a son and it is his.This is where it gets all fuzzy, emotionally, because we find out that finally Jenny is settling down and accepting Forrest and his conservative ways. However, in the final moments of the film the story turns sad and Jenny dies of an unknown illness; which leaves Forrest to care for his son that he previously knew nothing about. The main character in this movie, Forrest, is played by Tom Hanks, who is a career veteran of great movies; he is a wild card actor because he is able to play various types of roles (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011).There are a couple of secondary actors, Jenny, played by Robin White; Lieutenant Dan Taylor, played by Gary Sinise; and Benjamin Buford â€Å"Bubba† Blue, played by Mykelti Williamson; all of these actors would be classified as character actors, because they have been in other various films, but were always secondary characters (Goodykoontz Jacobs, 2011). Sally Field is also in this film as Forrest’s mother, but the audience does not see too much of her. Tom Hanks won an Oscar for his grand performance in Forrest Gump.He also won many other prestigious awards such as a Screen Actors Gui ld award, a Golden Globe, a Kansas City Film Critics award, and an American Comedy award. Robin White and Gary Sinise were nominated for a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors Guild award, but neither won. The cinematographer in this film is a man by the name of Don Burgess. Don was also the cinematographer in other Robert Zemeckis films, such as Contact, Cast Away, and The Polar Express (the latter two films had Tom Hanks in them).The cinematographer in a film is the one who directs the camera and chooses what kind of shot will take place, whether it be a long shot, a close-up, or somewhere in between. They also control the lighting and determine what will be best for each particular scene. The cinematographer designs the mise-en-scene. In the beginning we see a medium shot of a feather floating in the wind; the feather then lands on the ground which the cinematographer uses an extreme close-up of the feather and Forrest’s sneakers.Following this the camera zooms out and moves up to display Forrest sitting on a bus stop bench, next to a woman, as he is commenting about her shoes. This series of events and different shots really adds to the zest of the film. Right off we can hear Forrest’s manner of speaking, in addition to the way that he perceives the world. Another scene that I would like to point out is when Forrest is in Vietnam, and he finds Bubba shot. In this scene the cinematographer uses a lot of close-up shots of Forrest and Bubba. I believe this is to hype up the dramatics of the situation.However, a few moments later Forrest picks up Bubba and runs with him out of the jungle. In this scene the cinematographer uses an extreme long shot; the scene lasts a full 25 seconds, which is a long time for a shot in a movie (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). In this scene, Forrest and Bubba start from far away as they exit the jungle, it continues to progress until finally they run past the camera. This is a very important scene in the film where Bubba eventually dies. The cinematographer did an excellent job of capturing the planes overhead bombing, while Forrest is trying to save his friend.This scene is very meaningful. The editor of this film is Arthur Schmidt. An editor is the person who pieces all the appropriate shots into the final cut, basically rearranging the story into a plot (Goodykontz Jacob, 2011). Arthur Schmidt won an Academy Award for his stupendous work in this film. There was a ton of post-production done on this film. There was a scene where Forrest meets, President John F. Kennedy, the visual effects team along with the editor made this scene possible; since John F. Kennedy is currently diceased. Another scene takes place where Forrest is running rom some boys because they are chasing him down. In this scene Forrest is wearing leg braces, but there is a moment when Forrest begins breaking out of the braces, while he is running. The editor slows this scene down and closes in on Forrest’s legs, in order to emphasize him breaking out of the bondage that the braces caused. This is a pivotal scene, it is the prelude to the rest of the movie where Forrest is constantly on the move; his legs are a way for him to escape. In addition, this scene is full of direct cuts and jump cuts.A jump cut is when there is an obvious jump in the action during a transition, and a direct cut is when one shot instantly takes over for another shot (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). The various elements that the editor used were simply fantastic; it is no wonder why he won an Oscar for this film. There are many moments in this film where all types of sound are utilized, specifically sound effects and music. Each of these effects boosts the emotional value of scenes. There is a scene where Forrest is getting on the school bus for the first time. He is having trouble finding a seat because all of the students are denying him there seat.All of a sudden he hears the voice of a little girl saying, â€Å"you can sit hear†. During this scene, sentimental music plays in the background, simply adding emotional value to what Tom Hanks is saying. Forrest says to the woman on the bench next to him, as he is narrating the scene, that he finds it, â€Å"amazing what a young man recollects,† how he doesn’t, remember many of his ‘firsts’, but he cannot forget the first time he heard Jenny’s voice, he says that, â€Å"she was like an angel† (Finerman, Tisch, Newirth, 1994). In addition to the music, every sound other than dialogue was a sound effect that was added post-production.This film was also recognized for its phenomenal soundtrack. In some movies songs are intentionally written for that particular movie, but in Forrest Gump these are previously existing songs that the director though t would fit the tone or mood of the particular scene(s) (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). It is the soundtrack of the 60’s, filled with political songs such as â€Å"For What it’s Worth,† by Buffalo Springfield, and â€Å"Fortunate Son,† by Creedance Clearwater Revival. It also contained songs suitable for the action that was taking place, like â€Å"Sloop John B,† by The Beach Boys, while Forrest is in Vietnam.The song mentions the lyrics, â€Å"This is the worst trip I’ve ever been on,† and, â€Å"I feel so broke up, I wanna go home, let me go home,† these lyrics seem highly fitting for the scenario that the troops were in. The soundtrack won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. In our text it quotes that, â€Å"even though we go to films to be entertained†¦movies are something more than that†¦they are also historical documents that help us see—and perhaps more fully understand—the world in which they are made† (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011).Forrest Gump touched on a lot cultural ev ents and stigmas. First off is that Forrest is disabled and still was able to do more than most people who are not disabled do in their life. In addition, Forrest saw all people as equal, no matter what skin color they had. He also gave money to Bubba’s family, even though Bubba had died before Forrest created the Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Forrest gave Bubba’s half of the profits to Bubba’s remaining family.Bubba gave Forrest the idea and Forrest was paying due to his lost friend, through his family. This is something that he definitely did not have to do. He stands for anyone who has ever felt inadequate. Forrest Gump will go down in the history books as one of the greatest films ever made. This is because a huge number of cast and crew made this possible, from the director, cinematographer, and art director, to the actors, sound people, and most importantly the editor, who pulled everything together and created the final cut.Additional elements should be recognized as well for the overall success of the film, such as sound, style, societal impact, genre, and film criticism. A lot of hard work, time and effort go into making a movie, and unfortunately not a lot of the public are aware of this. However, once they learn a few things and realize the distinct meaning behind a slow-motion shot or the color of a characters costume, they take a more appreciative look as to what they are viewing. The mise-en-scene makes all the difference; it is what makes or breaks any movie.

Sample on International Trade Advantage & Their Management

Question: A country is less productive at making everything would not expect to enjoy gains from international trade, do you agree? Explain with reference to both theory and empirical examples where appropriate? Answer: The countries engage in the international for two reasons and both the reasons are used to gain advantage from the trade. The countries are different from each other and thus they trade with each other. According to the Ricardian theory it is seen that the countries trade in order to benefit from the differences by trying to reach an arrangement, in which the country specializes. Secondly the countries try to reach economies of scale in the production process (Dunn and Mutti, 2004). It needs to be seen that a country has specialization in the production of a particular product that country need to specialize in the production of that item and produce in abundance and trade those with which it lacks expertise. Thus it can be said that the country has a comparative advantage in the production of the goods if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country, than it is in other countries. Thus a less productive country can be benefitted from t rade (Salvatore, 2001). Low economic growth is usually accompanied by rising unemployment. Explain why, in a period of low economic growth, unemployment is likely to increase It is seen that the low economic growth leads to unemployment. It is seen that the production declines when there are low economic growth in the country. When the production declines, it is seen that the labour forces are not required in the production process. The reduction in the demand of the labours in the production process leads to the rise in the unemployment rate in the country (Oner, 2013). If GDP growth of the country equals labor force growth in the presence of productivity growth, then, more people will be entering in the labor force than that are needed to produce a given amount of goods and services. Thus it is seen that the share of the labor force that is employed will fall. In other words it can be said that, the unemployment rate will rise. Only as long as GDP growth exceeds the combined growth rates of the labor force and productivity (potential output) will the unemployment rate fall in the long run. Many believe that the main objective of the government economic policy should be to increase the productivity and economic growth. Discuss the difficulties that the government is likely to encounter when attempting to boost the rate of growth of the UK economy Currently economic growth averages 2.5% a year. If the rate of growth increased it would mean that the people will see a faster increase in their financial standard of living. They would be able to consume more goods and services. There are certain problems that the government will face in order to increase the productivity as well as the economic growth of the country. It is seen that there can be problem regarding the technology as there are may be non availability of technology at the time to increase the production (Economicsonline.co.uk, 2015). The lack of raw materials can stop the country to increase the production for a while. Apart from these factors there may arise problem with the labour forces, as the lack of skilled and experienced labour can lead to low production. Thus these are some of the difficulties that the government can face while they try to increase the production. The deficit on the current account of the balance of payment was lower in 2011 than it was in 2010. Explain two factors, other than a fall in the value of the pound, which might help to reduce the size of the deficit on the current account of the UK balance of payment It is seen that the deficit in the current account can happen due to trade in the goods and services, and the income from investment and employment as well transfer. It was seen in case of UKJ was that they have negative trade in goods. From this we are able to understand that the trade was expensive as there were more imports then the exports. The imports are cheaper than the exporters thus there are increase in the imports; the people buy the cheaper import goods. It becomes difficult for the exporters as they become uncompetitive (Elwell, 2005). With the rise in the spending capacity of the people of the country, there is an increase in the imports in the country. Thus there is deterioration in the current account. Moreover the capital flow in the country is important for the current accounts. The country need to attract foreign investors so that there are increases in the foreign exchange which can reduce the deficit in the current account. Economic policy makers hope that UK trade with the rest of the world will help to rebalance the economy and boost aggregate demand. Using your economic knowledge, assess the impact on the performance of the UK economy of a significant increase in export and a reduction in imports of goods and services It was seen that UK has a deficit in the goods. Since the process of de-industrialization accelerated in the early 1980s, UK has had a large deficit in goods. UK still manufactures goods, but they have become a net importer, especially of the manufactured goods. The government can apply certain changes in the policy so that there are increase in the export and reduction in the export of the goods which will reduce the deficit in the current account (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2000). The country can reduce consumer spending, tight monetary policy and through tight fiscal. E.g. higher income tax will reduce disposable income and therefore reduce spending on imports. More over the country can devaluate the exchange rate, which will make the exports cheaper while the imports become more expensive. Thus by following such policies the country can have a significant increase in the export and a reduction in the imports of the goods and the services. It is seen that the rise in the export can mak e the country rebalance the economy and boost aggregate demand (Stepanovic-Petrac, 2008). Most people would say that the ending of the BT telephone monopoly, and competition in the telecommunications market, have been beneficial. However, Britains railways show why some monopolies should not be replaced by a number of competing firms. Evaluate the view that consumers are always better off and procedures are always worse off if monopolies are broken up to encourage as much competition as possible. It is seen that in a monopoly market are those there are only one seller and the seller sets the price of the product in the market. It is seen that the seller has the control in the market as there are no possible competitors in the market. In case if the monopoly market it is seen that the companies are the price setters. The consumers are in worse off situation as they have to pay more money in order to purchase products which have been of low prices in perfectly competitive market (Dubey and Sondermann, 2009). In a monopoly market it is seen that the companies are in better of position a they has the advantage to dictate over the prices in the market and the buyers have to purchase the goods with that rate. But the situation is different in a market where there are a large number of buyer and seller like in a perfectly competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market it is seen that the consumers are in a better off position as they have the power to set the price by bargain ing. The prices are set according to demand of the consumers in the market. Thus in a monopoly market the consumers are always at a worse off situation. References Dubey, P. and Sondermann, D. (2009). Perfect competition in an oligopoly (including bilateral monopoly).Games and Economic Behavior, 65(1), pp.124-141. Dunn, R. and Mutti, J. (2004).International economics. London: Routledge. Economicsonline.co.uk, (2015).Balance of payments. [online] Available at: https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Balance_of_payments.html [Accessed 7 May 2015]. Elwell, C. (2005).The U.S. trade deficit. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Krugman, P. and Obstfeld, M. (2000).International economics. Reading Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Oner, E. (2013). Simultaneous Effects of Supply and Demand Elasticity with Market Types on Tax Incidence (Graphical Analysis of Perfect Competition, Monopoly and Oligopoly Markets).International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(2). Salvatore, D. (2001).International economics. New York: John Wiley. Stepanovic-Petrac, Z. (2008). Bretton Woods 2 system and US balance of payment deficit.Medjunarodni problemi, 60(1), pp.116-136.